Watching East Timor as China gets a military toehold


It might not be all smiles if they met today. East Timorese president Xanana Gusmao with Kevin Rudd. Pic: Ray Strange / FileIt might not be all smiles if they met today. East Timorese president Xanana Gusmao with Kevin Rudd. Pic: Ray Strange / File

Gusmao has also been claiming Australian interference in its sovereign rights. Australia is studying the rhetoric closely, with good reason. As Gusmao slams Australia, his country’s biggest aid donor, Gusmao has allowed China for the first time to gain a small de facto military foothold in East Timor.

China now has naval training crews operating out of Dili aboard two gunboats which East Timor bought from China, and which were formally handed over last week. Gusmao’s attacks on Australia, and his newfound military cooperation with China, are seen as related.

It all ties into Gusmao’s fury that Woodside Petroleum, an Australian company, has decided to build a floating natural gas platform in the Greater Sunrise field in the Timor Sea, rather than piping the liquefied gas onshore to Timor. Gusmao wants to see the gas coming ashore in Timor, in order to kick-start real industry in his country, and to provide Timorese with skills.

Woodside thinks building a pipeline across deep water to Timor, and an onshore plant, is too expensive. Gusmao appears to have the notion that the Australian government is an arm of Woodside, and that it is actively supporting Woodside’s decision. He is threatening to block the project, which would see $32bn in revenue shared between the governments of Timor and Australia.

While it has been known for several years that East Timor would buy the Jaco-class patrol boats from China, it was not anticipated that they would be operated by, for the foreseeable future, the Chinese navy. Fairfax media reported this as a “slap in the face for Australian diplomacy”.

It is just a couple of boats, and it makes sense that the Chinese navy should provide training to the people who buy their boats. But up till now, the role of training Timorese military has fallen, by mutual consent, to Australia.

China is interested in Timor’s oil and gas, not to mention its strategic location. It has been a heavy donor, gifting the people of Timor an imposing presidential palace, a defence force headquarters and ministry of foreign affairs building. Now it is forging what could be seen as military ties.

“Australia is reasonably relaxed but there is probably concern that China is increasing its influence in Timor in fairly direct ways,” said Professor Damien Kingsbury, a Timor expert at Deakin University’s School of International and Political Studies. “It’s not just soft power and generous aid. When you have Chinese crews on Chinese military vessels, in Timorese waters under a Timorese flag, it does potentially raise concerns.”

East Timor nestles between Indonesia and Australia. Both countries might – along with the US – be uncomfortable about the new arrangements with China, especially when seen in light of Gusmao’s increasingly intemperate remarks about Australia.

On Friday, at the handover ceremony of the patrol boats, Gusmao attacked on Australia’s supposed interference in its sovereign rights. This was presumably done for the benefit of Australia’s ambassador to East Timor, Peter Heywood, who attended.

Gusmao said: “This decision [to buy the boats from China] caused some public outcry, and above all, drew criticism from some countries, particularly Australia, which was greatly surprised at not having been consulted in this process.”

In fact, East Timor’s decision to buy the boats drew no public outcry from Australian political leaders whatsoever, nor has there been any public condemnation of the decision to use Chinese naval crews. But Indonesia and Australia, which each sent a naval patrol boat to the ceremony, must have listened on bemused.

Kingsbury doubts Australia diplomats have privately dressed down Gusmao over the gunboats, or his remarks in general, and are instead maintaining a gentle and conciliatory approach. But Gusmao is clearly nursing a savage temper for Australia and no one is too sure where it will take him.

Gusmao has been remarkably forgiving on Indonesia for the blood it spilt on his land, but he is not so forgiving with Australia when it comes to oil and gas. The anger goes back to 1989, when former foreign minister Gareth Evans, with his Indonesian counterpart, Ali Alatas, signed the Timor Sea Treaty, which divided oil and gas spoils off the south coast of Timor and, once again, confirmed the official Australian view that Indonesia’s occupancy of Timor was legitimate.

In 2005, with East Timor now independent, then foreign minister, Alexander Downer, struck an agreement to defer for 50 years all maritime disputes in the Timor Gap, and for government revenues from the Greater Sunrise oil and gas field (which hangs over the edge of the Timor Gap area, in disputed waters) to be shared 50:50 between the two countries.

Many East Timorese believe Australia has ripped them off on oil and gas, by claiming its territorial waters push right up against the south coast of Timor. But Timor’s frustrations on this have been relatively mute for several years (perhaps in the light of the Australian military being called in, twice since 2006, to restore order within the country).

Gusmao reactivated the bitterness in a speech to development partners in Dili, on April 7. He veered widely from the subject of development, complaining (accurately) that the US had given Indonesia permission to invade East Timor in 1975, and adding that the US, France and Germany had provided Indonesia with “weapons, tanks, fighters and training, so as to annihilate the resistance of our small guerrilla army”.

He saved the real blast for Australia. “Adding insult to injury,” he said, “after recognising the integration – the only Western country to do so – Australia signed an agreement with Indonesia, in 1989, to share the wealth of the Timor Sea. Meanwhile, around 200,000 Timorese died trying to protect their rights during the 24 years of war.

“[W]e had the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945. Although short-lived, this occupation covered the entire country and caused great suffering to the Timorese, including the deaths of around 60,000 people. According to reliable opinions, this suffering could have been prevented if the Australian forces had not come to Timor-Leste in order to wage war here, so as to prevent the Japanese from invading Australia.”

It was true that Australia had gone to (then) Portuguese Timor in order to protect Australia. But what was Gusmao saying? That the occupancy of the Japanese imperial army was preferable? And what, by the way, would have become of the Timorese people at war’s end had they sided openly with Japan?

More to the point, why bring this up at a development partners meeting? The subtext was Woodside.

“Gusmao has been ramping this up over the last six or so weeks,” said Kingsbury. “Australia has been wondering where all this is coming from. On one hand, the formal relationship is in pretty good shape, but some of the rhetoric is pretty fiery and there is concern that it has the potential to destabilise the relationship.

“It’s overwhelmingly about Woodside. There’s a couple of other issues about the direction of Australia aid, but if you dig down even that is predicated on having a go at Australia about Woodside. The view in Timor is that the Australian government has a direct hand in the Woodside process. The view of Australia, obviously, is that it doesn’t.”

Kingsbury said comments by Resources Minister Martin Ferguson that Woodside’s decision to build a floating plant was purely commercial, and that the government had no say in it, was interpreted in Timor as Ferguson’s implicit support of Woodside.

“There is an assumption that the Australian government has a capacity to control Woodside,” said Kingsbury. Gusmao seems to think the Australian government could – or should - threaten Woodside into piping gas onshore to Timor. “But that would make current debate over the resources tax a drop in the ocean,” said Kingsbury. “That would be direct interference in the commercial operations of a private company and short of Australia becoming Cuba, I can’t see that happening.”

At the gunboat handover ceremony on Friday, Gusmao told those present that East Timor could not consider itself independent “if every time we are to make a fundamental decision, we have to consult our neighbouring, friendly and partner countries”.

Even as the overall level of Australian aid to East Timor increases, Gusmao is indeed well within his rights to make sovereign decisions. But it appears he is intent on dragging some of the quiet off-stage concerns that Australia has expressed to him into the light. And he is sidling up to China in order to vent his anger at Australia over Woodside.

“Australia is probably looking askance at the crews because that does put a Chinese military presence pretty close to Australian sovereign waters,” said Kingsbury. “That’s a legitimate issue but there hasn’t been anything public said about it. There may have been some private discussions, but no bullying or threats associated with it. I think it’s a case that any commentary, or discussion, is perceived as interference.

“That’s a very traditional position for a number of countries in South-East Asia. If there is any commentary on affairs in China, that’s seen as interference. Up until 1998, in Indonesia, they took the same view.”

Kingsbury believes that East Timor considers, for the time being, Australia a more valuable friend than China. So is this just a little dummy spit by Gusmao, a reflection of his desire to see Timor stand on its own, or something more?

“They’re very aware of the reality of geographic proximity and they’re very aware Australia is easily their biggest aid donor, and is likely to continue to be,” said Kingsbury. “They’re very aware that the boundary maritime issues need to be negotiated with Australia in the future. Australia, particularly under Downer, has played a tough game. They know Australia can be a good friend but a tough opponent. But they’re not going to make an enemy out of Australia.”

Yet it appears that is precisely what Gusmao is trying to do. Kingsbury says it must be remembered that Gusmao is currently working across the nation, trying to talk up a major infrastructure program to improve roads, water, sanitation and electricity. The people on the south coast of Timor are particularly bereft when it comes to these basic commodities, and Gusmao believes if Woodside were to come onshore in that part of Timor, much would improve for them.

“What is disconcerting to the Australian government is the intemperate and the inflammatory use of language,” said Kingsbury. “Xanana and the government have done pretty well in the first few years of office, but not everything’s gone their way. (Opposition party) Fretilin has scored some wins in the nationalist debate and certainly Xanana’s having a go at Australia, but he’s also speaking to a domestic audience as he talks up the infrastructure program. He’s trying to rally the troops.”

Australia has been a schizophrenic friend to Timor, variously abandoning it, liberating it, screwing it and helping it. And it is arguable that our debts to Timor are not yet paid in full. Perhaps mindful of that, Australia is letting Gusmao rant and rave, hoping he’ll calm down before he says – or does – something he might truly regret.

SOURCE: THE PUNCH

Australian aid all over the place, says East Timor President Jose Ramos-Horta

Ramos Horta

Jose Ramos-Horta and Kevin Rudd field questions at Parliament House in Canberra. Picture: Ray Strange Source: The Australian

EAST Timor President Jose Ramos-Horta has declared that Australian foreign aid has been "all over the place'' and did not transform the lives of the people.

In a joint press conference with Kevin Rudd today, Dr Ramos-Horta said there was a "general sense'' over the past 10 years that foreign aid had no impact on changing the lives of the people.

"That's why Australia itself and other donors have reviewed their strategy and this next five years Australian aid will be far more focused in four or five critical areas,'' he said.

"In the past Australian aid money was all over the place, in 20, 30 different areas of support. So I don't want to sound ungrateful or anything like that.

"But sometimes countries are generous, no doubt about it, but with their own strategies in addressing these views of world poverty.''

The Prime Minister agreed, declaring Dr Ramos-Horta was "right''.

"In the past I think Australia's development program was too scatterbrained,'' he said.

Mr Rudd said the assistance program would be concentrated in five specific areas including health, education, infrastructure, government and micro-finance.

Mr Rudd also said Australia had no preference for the location of the Greater Sunrise gas plant, proposed for offshore East Timor.

The plant's developers, led by Woodside Petroleum, want the plant floating offshore, while Dr Ramos-Horta argues it must be built on East Timor and called on Mr Rudd to intercede on its behalf in the dispute,

Dr Ramos Horta said at the National Press Club in Canberra this morning that he had raised the issue with Mr Rudd.

“I did mention it to (Kevin Rudd) about talking with the consortium about talking with Prime Minister Guasmao to see how he can help in resolving this,’’ Dr Ramos-Horta said.

“Of course we know the Australian government t does not have a direct involvement in influencing business decisions…but whatever influence he can have would be very much welcome by us.’’

East Timor wants Woodside to construct a multi-billion undersea pipeline to pump gas extracted from the Greater Sunrise gas field, which sits within Australian and Timorese waters. The gas would then be liquefied and shipped abroad from East Timor.

Woodside, however, favours a floating platform, which Dr Ramos-Horta said was ‘untested technology’’.

Mr Rudd said the government had no preference.

"Australia does not support any particular location for processing the LNG,'' he said.

"We agreed that this matter should be settled in the processes consistent with our treaty obligations.''

Dr Ramos-Horta said earlier he had the fullest confidence in his government and the Greater Sunrise proponents to keep in mind the national interest.

"We'll find the best possible option that makes sense nationally but also is ethically feasible and safe in view of the complexity and delicate nature of dealing with oil and gas exploration,'' he said.

"As we see in the Gulf of Mexico we have to take all these things into consideration.''

Basing the project in East Timor had to have more benefits other than "patriotic'' ones, Dr Ramos-Horta said.

"I see the benefits, job creation, helping our economy enter into prosperity,'' he said.

"But I want to see also the costs of it in terms of environmental, in fact, as well as the financial, commercial costs of linking the pipeline to Timor Leste.''

Questioned on how consultations were going with the mining industry over the RSPT, Mr Rudd said consultations were working towards a "sensible and balanced outcome''.

"If we reach this balanced and sensible outcome I can fully predict that a number of the major mining companies will still not be happy with it. But that does not preclude us from engaging those companies who wish to be substantively engaged in negotiations.''

East Timor to open 'gift' embassy in Canberra

Page last updated at 00:03 GMT, Wednesday, 23 June 2010 01:03 UK

By Nick Bryant


BBC News, Sydney

_48148881_009335343-1.jpg

Mr Ramos Horta's visit comes at a tense time in bilateral ties

The President of East Timor, Jose Ramos Horta, is due to open a new embassy for his young country in Canberra - a gift from the people of Australia.

The embassy has been financed through charitable fund-raising. It is thought to be the first time one country has gifted an embassy to another.

But Mr Ramos Horta's five-day visit comes at a time when relations between the two neighbours are tense.

Mr Ramos Horta has said Australian developmental aid is being misdirected.

In a letter to the Australian ambassador on the eve of his visit, he claimed that the vast majority of donor money was spent not on East Timor but consultants, study missions, reports and recommendations.

The oil and gas which lie beneath the Timor Sea are another point of contention. Ever since East Timor gained independence from Indonesia in 2002, the negotiations over these lucrative deposits have been fractious.

In a country where 50% of the population gets by on just $1 (£0.70) a day, many view Australia and its resources companies as mean-spirited for trying to grab too big a share, and for not doing enough to create jobs on East Timorese soil.

SOURCE: BBC


East Timor pushes $5b hub for onshore gas processing

4:00 AM Wednesday Jun 23, 2010

SYDNEY - East Timor, opposed to Woodside Petroleum's plan to develop the Sunrise gas project using a floating plant, has said it proposes a US$3.8 billion ($5.4 billion) oil and gas development hub on its southern coast.

Negotiations with Australia over the venture in the Timor Sea were continuing, Government spokesman Agio Pereira said. The southeast Asian nation said it expected to put forward its plan later this year.

Australia's second-largest oil and gas producer and its partners, including Royal Dutch Shell, have opted to rely on floating liquefied natural gas technology for the development, saying that it will deliver the most revenue to both Australia and East Timor. The Government of East Timor objects to any plan that does not include a gas-processing plant in the country.

Woodside had fulfilled all obligations governing the Sunrise project, the Perth-based producer said this month. The company said it ruled out piping the gas to East Timor because it was more expensive and that floating LNG was the best commercial option.

Piping the gas to East Timor for processing would cost billions more than the floating LNG option, Woodside chief executive Don Voelte said this month, and "presents significant technical risks".

- BLOOMBERG





Timor-Leste Ranks 18 out of 177 countries



Somalia tops 'failed states index'
The index is based on factors such as refugee flows, economic decline and security threats [EPA]

Somalia tops the list of so-called failed states, based on factors including its economy, human rights record and security, a new survey says.

The Fund for Peace andForeign Policy Magazinereleased their 2010 "Failed States Index", on Monday, ranking 177 countries to determine those most at risk of failure.

The annual reportuses 12 metrics including security threats, economic implosion, human rights violations and refugee flows.

Since the index was published for the first time in 2005, the top 10 slots have rotated among just 15 countries, and Foreign Policy said it seems that state failure "is a chronic condition". CONTINUE: http://english.aljazeera.net




Timor Leste: FLEX LNG extends agreement to acquire Minza Oil & Gas


17 Jun 2010

FLEX LNG has secured an extension to the agreement signed in June 2009 to acquire control of Jersey-based Minza Oil & Gas which holds 100% of the production sharing contract for JPDA 06-101(A). The extension period is intended to give FLEX LNG sufficient time to finalise the ongoing partner selection process for JPDA 06-101(A).

FLEX LNG has also announced that the Anita and Wombat 2D seismic surveys offshore Timor-Leste have been successfully completed. Preliminary results support a significant increase in the estimated gas resources of the main Chuditch structure and surrounding structures. Compared to the previous resource estimates the most recent analysis shows a potential increase in the Gas Initially In Place (GIIP) of up to 30-40%. This would bring the estimated GIIP figure for the Chuditch Main, Chuditch West and Wombat structures to a combined total of more than 3 tcf.

Commenting on the survey, Chief Executive Officer of FLEX LNG Management Ltd, Philip Fjeld stated: 'We are excited that the 2009 survey confirmed the potential for substantial additional gas resources. The extension to the agreement with Minza is intended to provide FLEX LNG with sufficient time to conclude the ongoing partner selection process and secure a partner that can undertake the necessary appraisal drilling. Recent developments have shown the potential for floating LNG to monetise numerous gas resources in Australia and South-east Asia. We are hopeful that over time a number of these projects will be developed utilising FLEX LNG Producers.'

Background to Minza Transaction


In June 2009 FLEX LNG entered into an agreement which includes an option to acquire all of the shareholding of Minza, subject to obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals from the Timor-Leste Government. Minza holds the production sharing contract for JPDA 06-101(A), which is in the Joint Petroleum Development Area in the Timor Sea administered by Timor-Leste and Australia.

Photo - see caption

In 1998 the Chuditch-1 well was drilled on the acreage and resulted in a potentially sizeable gas discovery. FLEX LNG is currently running a process to select potential partners to jointly develop the acreage and it is optimistic that such a process can be successfully completed. The aim is to have initial appraisal wells completed within 12 months from concluding the partner selection process and with a final investment decision for a floating LNG project to occur as soon as possible thereafter.

About FLEX LNG LTD


FLEX LNG was incorporated in 2006 with the objective of commercialising among the world's first floating liquefaction units (LNG Producers) and has signed four ship building contracts with Samsung Heavy Industries for LNG Producer hulls utilising the SPB LNG containment system. In addition FLEX LNG on 17 September 2008 signed a contract with SHI for the Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Integration and Commissioning of the world’s first floating liquefaction unit. This provides the LNG industry with a unique possibility of accessing currently uncommitted gas reserves for LNG production from 2013 onwards.

By using the proven nitrogen expander liquefaction cycle, the most robust and flexible liquefaction technology in use in the LNG industry, the LNG Producer is to source gas from numerous potential offshore locations worldwide where natural gas today is either left stranded or is being flared.

Photo - see caption

Source: www.energy-pedia.com